中國民族音樂資料館 Chinese Music Archive

孫文明,一九二八年農曆四月十六日(陽曆六月三日)出生在上虞縣曹娥江畔,四歲那年患天花不幸雙目失明。十二歲時因家境貧困,他遠離家鄉,流浪於杭嘉湖平原的餘杭、臨安、湖州等地,靠算命謀生。十六歲時,孫文明流落到民間音樂盛行的蘇南地區,在友人幫助下得到一把胡琴。從此,他發奮努力,琴不離手,兩年工夫,就學得大量江南民歌與小調,並熟諳京劇、灘簧、江南絲竹等音樂的演奏方法,在融會貫通的基礎上形成了自己獨特的演奏風格和技巧。孫文明二十一歲流浪到上海市郊青浦縣,兩年後入贅到奉賢一位潘姓算命先生家中為婿,易名潘旨望。由於生活稍為安定,孫文明的創作激情更為勃發。一九五六年至一九六一年間,他不僅參加了江蘇省的和全國的民間音樂舞蹈匯演等比賽,還應聘到上海民族樂團、上海音樂學院授課。據周皓回憶,一九五八年八月,他受上海民族樂團領導委派尋找孫文明時,一不知道他的名字,二不知道他在什麼地方。第一次是在奉賢文化館的幫助下,到南橋鎮才找到了已入贅潘家的孫文明,並整理記錄了他的《流波曲》。後來,上海民族樂團決定請孫文明來團講學。但此時孫文明已輾轉江南水鄉演出。周皓尋蹤追訪,最後終於在瞎子阿炳華彥鈞的家鄉——無錫市,重新找到了這位“瞎子阿炳”第二。當時,孫文明正用潘旨望的名字在一家茶館裡演出。周皓買票入內,聽了他一場獨奏會,確感音質淳厚,、功力不凡。在此後的數天裡,周與孫促滕長談多次。孫文明毫不隱諱其淒苦的身世及顛沛失所的流浪生涯。不久後,孫文明應邀來到上海民族樂團、上海音樂學院講課,前後約兩年,一九六一年九月,孫文明返回奉賢家中,重新陷入貧困。不久,由於哀念幼子夭折,原有的肺病日趨嚴重,於一九六二年底不幸病逝,終年三十四歲。孫文明在顛沛流離的短暫一生中,飽嘗人生的艱辛,卻以頑強的毅力為後人留下了許多優秀的作品。他的《流波曲》淒楚、哀婉,傾訴了在賣藝生涯中的悲涼心聲和對人世炎涼的憤懣;《人靜安心》則表現了他在獲得稍微安定的生活後欣慰之情;《彈樂》是模擬“江南絲竹”評彈中三弦、琵琶的音型與韻律所創作的一首歡快抒情的樂曲,這是孫文明在廣泛研究二胡技巧變革和發展的基礎上一次嘗試。其他如《四方曲》、《送聽》、《夜靜簫聲》、《春秋會》等作品也都散發著民族、民間音樂的芳香,表現了勞動人民對美好生活的嚮往。

SUN Wen-ming

SUN Wen-ming was born on June 3, 1928 in Shangyu, Zhejiang province and passed away of lung decease on December 12, 1962 in Fengxian. When he was four, he got smallpox and lost sight. And when he was twelve, he left his hometown due to poverty and wandered at Yuhang, Linan and Huzhou making a living by fortune telling. When he was sixteen, he wandered at southern Jiansu and obtained an erhu from his friend. Then he learned it hard and under control of many folk music, folk songs, Peking Opera, and native operas to form his own performing style. When he was twenty-three, he was married to a girl in Fengxian and changed his name to PAN Zhi-wang. In 1956 to 1961, he was selected as a representative of Jiangsu province to participate in the National Folk Music, Songs and Dances Variety Performance. He was also appointed to teach the erhu in the Shanghai Conservatory and the Shanghai Traditional Orchestra, respectively.

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